2008年高考英語復(fù)習(xí)：運(yùn)用上下文和構(gòu)詞法猜詞

　　南開中學(xué) 段勝利

　　在平時(shí)的閱讀和英語考試中，我們都會(huì)遇到生詞，這很正常，也不可避免。根據(jù)文章提供的上下文和掌握構(gòu)詞法猜測詞義，是我們學(xué)習(xí)和掌握英語必須具備的能力。對(duì)高考而言，這種能力尤為重要。從四年高考英語天津卷來看，閱讀理解試題中總有一些題要考查同學(xué)們根據(jù)上下文和構(gòu)詞法知識(shí)猜出生詞詞義或熟詞新義的能力。而從考試結(jié)果來看，猜詞題一直都是難度大，區(qū)分度高的試題。在這個(gè)項(xiàng)目上得分，可以使自己的高考英語成績占有優(yōu)勢(shì)。2004年至2007年的試題中，在不同的語篇里，分別要猜collision，juvenile obesity，inheritable trait和compassion等四個(gè)詞(詞組)，雖然這幾個(gè)猜詞題都有很好的上下文，也有比較明顯的“詞干”提示，但考試的結(jié)果，其難度系數(shù)(正確選擇率)卻分別是：0.23，0.64，0.24和0.13，猜詞成了大部分同學(xué)的“滑鐵盧”。

　　一、高考猜哪類詞

　　從近幾年高考試題來看，猜詞題既猜生詞生義，也猜熟詞生義；猜詞里既有單詞，又有短語；詞類分布上，以實(shí)詞(名詞，動(dòng)詞，形容詞，副詞和代詞等)為主。

　　1.生詞生義

　　例一：Food Network producer Flay hopes the young cook will find a place on the network television. He says Lieberman’s charisma is key. “Food TV isn’t about food anymore,” says Flay. “It’s about your personality(個(gè)性)and finding a way to keep people’s eyeballs on your show.”

　　What does the word “charisma” underlined in the text refer to?

　　A. A natural ability to attract others.

　　B. A way to show one’s achievement.

　　C. Lieberman’s after-class interest.

　　D. Lieberman’s fine cooking skill.

　　答案A。charisma為非考綱詞匯表上單詞，其詞義與下文的“It’s about your personality(個(gè)性)and finding a way to keep people’s eyeballs on your show.”有關(guān)。

　　例二：Born in Chicago in 1902, brought up and schooled in Nebraska, the 19-year-old college graduate Ralph Tyler became hooked on teaching while teaching as a science teacher in South Dakota and changed his major from medicine to education.

　　The words “hooked on teaching” underlined in the paragraph probably mean ________.

　　A. attracted to teaching B. tired of teaching

　　C. satisfied with teaching D. unhappy about teaching

　　答案A。become/get hooked on sth為非考綱詞匯表上詞組，其詞義可以通過下文的… and changed his major from medicine to education.來獲得。