專家談應對上海高考英語新變化

　　去年英語高考詞匯上的新變化，明顯對語言應用能力提出了更高要求，必須多加注意——

　　去年高考英語， 詞匯的應用發生了變化， 原本的單項選擇， 改為根據語篇，在所給的詞中選擇適當的詞， 這樣的變化， 顯然對語言應用能力提出了更高要求。

　　雖然我們現在已淡化了語法，不過，沒有扎實的語法基礎和足夠的詞匯量，就不可能正確使用語言。如果說語言的學習像建造高樓大廈，那么，詞匯就相當于磚瓦，語法則如同水泥，只有合理地結合或組合，才能建造出美麗堅固的高樓大廈。

　　就現階段而言，應該重視單詞的背誦和詞匯的記憶——盡管這是一件非常枯燥的事。高考詞匯手冊要天天背，同時要把高中階段的語法完整地復習一遍，因為高一、高二所學的內容，隨著時間的推移可能有遺忘，現在需要鞏固、提高。

　　當你有了語法和詞匯基本的知識，接下來則是如何具體練習，下面從高考試卷中的語法選擇題進行簡要分析

　　1、語法選擇題(Choices: Grammar)

　　在語法的學習中，比較重要的一部分是非謂語，它在高考中占的比率較大，其次是復句。語法的學習還要排除干擾項對語言運用的影響。

　　(1)非謂語的學習要考慮時態和語態；——即：主動、被動；完成、進行;

　　a. The book is said to have been translated (translate) into several languages。(完成，被動)

　　b. Being watched (watch) by a large audience, she felt nervous。(被動，進行)

　　c. Being exposed (expose) to the sun for a long time will do harm to your skin。(動名詞的被動語態)

　　d. He came in, his head hidden (hide) in his collar。(過去分詞)

　　(2)名詞性從句和定語從句的學習要弄清關系代詞的關系，關系副詞的功能和作用;

　　a. The reason which Mr. Smith explained to his manager for his delay in typing was that he was ill。(which-關系代詞作賓語)；(that-關系代詞，引導同位語從句)

　　b. The other day, my brother drove his car down the street at what we thought was a dangerous speed。(what-關系代詞，介詞賓語)

　　c. If a shop has chairs where women can park their men, women will spend more time in the shop. (where——關系副詞，表地點)

　　(3)干擾項的存在和句型結構的變化引起的語法錯誤; 該部分很重要，請觀察下列句子。

　　1. On hearing a great noise, Mike looked forward through the window ______(see) what happened outside the room。

　　a. to seeing　b. to see

　　c. seeing　d. saw(干擾項為through the window)

　　2. The day he was looking forward to ____ (come) at last.

　　(干擾項為he was looking forward to　定語從句)

　　a. come b. coming c. came

　　d. comes

　　3. Time should be made good use of __ (learn) our lesson well。

　　a. learning b. to learning

　　c. to be learning　d. to learn (句型發生變化——主動變為被動)

　　4. Space exploration has been made ____ with the development of modern science。

　　a. possible b. it possible c. it was d. that being possible(結構變化，賓語提前　space exploration)

　　5. The scientists and technicians overcame a lot of difficulties ____ the personal computer。

　　a. having developing b. they had developing c. they had developed d. which has to develop'(干擾項為they had，定語從句)

　　交大附中 高級教師 韓立新