高考英語短文改錯(cuò)口訣(2)
2011-08-22 13:23:41新浪網(wǎng)
七、邏輯錯(cuò)誤須關(guān)注
與句子的上、下文不一致，甚至相矛盾，屬于邏輯性錯(cuò)誤。如稱謂上的張冠李戴，人名、地名、時(shí)間、方位等方面的錯(cuò)誤，常是這類錯(cuò)誤的考查對象。例如：
The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home. （their）
First, let me tell you something more about myself. （去掉more）
… no way of setting the matter except by selling the set.Now someone at home reads instead. （everyone）
上述第一例中的主語是Smiths（史密斯夫婦倆），因此后面的his不合邏輯。第二例中的more在這兒表“再”的意思，才開始告訴別人，怎么能說“再告訴你一些事”？第三例講的是為了解決看電視時(shí)的爭端，“我們”把電視機(jī)賣了；晚上沒電視看了，所以與從前一樣，大家又都讀書了，所以該用 everyone。
除了上述錯(cuò)誤類型外，�？嫉腻e(cuò)誤形式還有：連詞but, and, or和so的用法錯(cuò)誤（可以歸類為邏輯錯(cuò)誤），以及冠詞的用法錯(cuò)誤等。例如：
She was smiling but nodding at me. （and）
It looks as if my parents treat me as a visitor and a guest. （or）
We may be one family and live under a same roof. （the）
下面是2002年全國高考試題中的短文改錯(cuò)題。這道題較全面地反映了本文的口訣�，F(xiàn)在請你試著做一做，然后參閱題后的答案與簡析。
Last week my parents and I took a two-day trip to Emei
Mountain in Sichuan. As everyone knows，it’s famous 76. _____
Mountain with all kinds of plants and animals. The weather 77. _____
Was fine. It was about noon we arrived at the foot of 78. _____
the mountain，the three of them were very excited. As we 79. _____
climbed the mountain，we ed monkeys，visiting temples 80. _____
and told stories. On the way up I was busy taking picture 81._____
since the scenery was so beautiful. The time passes quickly. 82. _____
Evening came down. We spent the night in a hotel at the top 83. _____
of the mountain. The food was expensive and the service was 84. _____
good. I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my 85. _____
head touched the pillow.
答案與簡析：
76. famous前加上a.（名詞數(shù)）
77. 正確
78. we前面加when，引導(dǎo)一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語從句。（句子成分多分析）
79. them→us （邏輯錯(cuò)誤須關(guān)注）
80. visiting→visited（非謂動(dòng)詞細(xì)辨別）
81. picture→pictures（名詞數(shù)）
82. passes→passed（動(dòng)詞形）
83. 去掉down（習(xí)慣用法要記�。�
84. and→but（but，and，or和so）
85. 去掉at（句子成分多分析 / 習(xí)慣用法要記�。�
改錯(cuò)要想拿高分
語法口訣要記牢
（一）見到謂語找主語，主謂一致找狀語
見到名詞想多數(shù)，可不可數(shù)要記牢
見到平行看結(jié)構(gòu)，形式功能要對稱
見到代詞找指代，指代通常不合理
帶賓語必帶to，不帶賓語不帶 to
小小of常抓的點(diǎn)，of前名詞adj最高級
比較級不修飾比較級,最高級不修飾最高級
（二）謂與非謂經(jīng)常混
謂語句中就一個(gè)
其余動(dòng)詞非謂語
常見形式有三種
v-ing ,v-ed和to do
主謂通常v-ing
動(dòng)賓通常v-ed
現(xiàn)在分詞表主動(dòng)
過去分詞表被動(dòng)
目的要用不定式
by前有過去分詞相擁
by后有動(dòng)名詞后抱
介詞后跟動(dòng)名詞
時(shí)態(tài)基點(diǎn)要搞清
現(xiàn)在還是過去時(shí)
