高中外研版必修一Module5重點單詞、短語、句型、語法

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單詞

liquid ['likwid] n. 液體

expand [ik'spænd] vi.膨脹

contract ['kɒntrækt] vi.收縮

substance ['sʌbstəns] n. 物質

mixture ['mikstʃə] n.混合物

oxygen ['ɒksədʒən] n. 氧氣

electricity [ˌilek'trisiti] n. 電

stage [steidʒ] n. 階段；時期

conclusion [kən'klu:ʒən] n. 結論

aim [eim] n. 目標；目的

reaction [ri'ækʃən] n. 反應

electrical [i'lektrikəl] adj.與電有關的；用電的

equipment [i'kwipmənt] n. 設備；裝備

react [ri'ækt] vi.(化學)反應

potassium [pə'tæsiəm] n. 鉀

sodium ['səudiəm] n. 鈉

calcium ['kælsiəm] n. 鈣

magnesium [mæg'ni:ziəm] n. 鎂

aluminium [ˌælju'miniəm] n. 鋁

zinc [ziŋk] n. 鋅

partial ['pɑ:ʃəl] adj.部分的；局部的

copper ['kɒpə] n. 銅

oxide ['ɒksaid] n. 氧化物

rust [rʌst] vi. 生銹

boil [bɒil] vt. 煮沸

ordinary ['ɒ:dinəri] adj. 普通的；平常的

steam [sti:m] n. 蒸汽；水氣

float [fləut] vi.漂浮

form [fɒ:m] vi.形成

dissolve [di'zɒlv] vt. 溶解；分解；分離

balance ['bæləns] n. 天平

crucible ['kru:sibl] n. 坩鍋

tongs [tɒŋz] n. (復)夾子；小鉗子

flame [fleim] n. 火焰

facility [fə'siliti] n. (常作復數)設備；工具

lecture ['lektʃə] n. 演講

department [di'pɑ:tmənt] n. (大學的)科、系

astonished [ə'stɒniʃt] adj. 吃驚的；驚愕的

短語

add…to… 往……加入……

in the area of 在……領域

be proud of 為……感到驕傲/自豪

be supposed to 應當；理應

a report on 關于……的報道

as ... as 與……一樣

mix A and/ with B together 把A與B混在一起

mix A into B 把A加入B

a mixture of... ……的混合物

a quarter/a half 四分之一/一半

three quarters四分之三

two fifths五分之二

point seven one 零點七一

the same as 和……一樣

put...in order 把……整理好

10 meters long 10米長

draw/arrive at/reach/get to / come to a conclusion 得出結論

electrical equipment電器設備

a set of /some equipment 一套/一些設備

A be equipped with B 用B裝備A

react with與……發生反應

react to 對……做出反應

have a slow/fast reaction with 與……發生慢的/快的反應

at the top/bottom(of) 在……頂部/底部

find out找出

leave with the tube for a week 與試管一起放一周

keep…out of 使……不入內

ordinary water 普通的水

much/a lot/a great deal/ far /a bit/ a little /still / even / yet +bigger 更大

no more than/ no more…than僅僅/ 和……一樣不（兩者都不）

not more than/not more…than 不超過/不如……（前者不如后者）

a bigger apple一個更大的蘋果

It’s your turn to do 該輪到你做……

go ahead 干吧！用吧！

used to do過去常常做……

be used to doing習慣于做……

be used to do 被用來做……

the last equipment 最新的設備

four times a term一學期四次

make a discovery發現

first-class scientists一流的科學家

in the last twenty years在最后20年

win the Nobel Prize獲得諾貝爾獎

句型

1. What conclusions do you draw from the evidence you’ve heard?

你從你聽到的證據中得出什么結論？

2. In conclusion/To conclude, I would like to thank everybody who helped me.

最后，我要感謝所有幫助過我的人。

3. The measures are aimed at stopping the river from being further polluted.

這些措施旨在阻止河流遭受進一步的污染。

4. He studied hard, aiming to pass the entrance exam.

為了通過入學考試，他努力學習。

5. The old man has formed the habit of getting up early every morning.

這位老人已經養成了每天早晨早起的習慣。

6. Try to achieve a better balance between work and play.

爭取把工作和娛樂更好地結合起來。

7. You have to balance the advantages of living in the countryside against the disadvantages.

你得權衡一下住在鄉下的好處和壞處。

8. Colorful umbrellas add to a lively atmosphere in the summer streets.

各色陽傘給夏日街頭平添了活潑的氣氛。

9. Three-fifths of the trees have been cut down.

五分之三的樹已被砍了。

10. One-third of the sugar was used to make the cake.

制作蛋糕用了三分之一的糖。

語法歸納

形容詞和副詞的比較等級

考點一：倍數表達法

1.倍數+as+形容詞/副詞原級+as…

▶ Asia is four times as large as Europe. 亞洲是歐洲的四倍大。

▶ The dining room is twice as big as the kitchen. 餐廳是廚房的兩倍大。

2.倍數+形容詞/副詞比較級+than…

▶ Our school is twice bigger than yours. 我們學校是你們學校的兩倍大。

3.倍數+the+名詞(size，height，length，width，etc.)+of…

▶ The new building is three times the height of the old one. 這座新樓是那座舊樓的三倍高。

▶ This stone bridge is twice the length of the wood one. 這座石橋是那座木橋的兩倍長。

4.倍數+as many/much+名詞+as…

▶ He has got three times as many books as his younger sister. 他的書比他妹妹的多兩倍。

5.倍數+what從句

▶ The price of the house this year is twice what it was last year. 今年的房價是去年房價的兩倍。

6. increase/fall等增減性動詞+by+倍數

▶ Compared with last year, our coal output has increased by three times. 與去年相比，我們的煤產量增長了三倍。

7.倍數+compared with+被比較對象

▶ The number of the students in our school has increased by four times compared with 1980. 我們學校的學生人數比1980年增加了四倍。

考點二：形容詞/副詞比較等級的基本用法

原級比較

(1)"as+形容詞/副詞原級+as"表示“和……一樣……”，其否定形式為"not as/so+形容詞/副詞原級+as"。

▶ He runs as fast as I. 他跑得和我一樣快。

▶ Li Hua doesn't draw as/so well as Liu Fang. 李華畫畫不如劉芳好。

(2)as+adj.+n.+as

▶ I have as many books as Tom. 我有和湯姆一樣多的書。

▶ Sam drank as much coffee as Mary. 薩姆跟瑪麗喝的咖啡一樣多。

比較級的常見句式

"形容詞/副詞比較級+than"意為"比……更……"。

▶ Yao Ming is taller than Michael Jordan. 姚明比邁克爾·喬丹高。

▶ She speaks louder than her mother. 她比她媽媽說話聲音大。

比較級的修飾詞

形容詞和副詞的比較級可以用程度副詞來修飾，常見的此類副詞(詞組)有a bit, a little, far, much, a lot, a great deal, any, still, even等。

▶ The girl has made far greater progress than her classmates. 這個女孩的進步比她同學的大得多。

▶ Are you feeling any better today? 你今天感覺好點兒了嗎?

考點三：比較級的常見結構

1."比較級+and+比較級"/"more and more+原級"表示"越來越……"。

▶ It becomes warmer and warmer when spring comes. 春天來了，天氣越來越暖和了。

▶ Our school is becoming more and more beautiful. 我們的學校越來越美麗了。

2. "the+比較級(+主語+謂語), the+比較級(+主語+謂語)"表示"越……，越……"。

▶ The sooner, the better. 越快越好。

3. "the+比較級+of the two …"表示"兩者中較……的那一個"。

▶ She is the taller of the two sisters. 她是姐妹倆中較高的那一個。

4. "否定詞+比較級"表示最高級含義。

▶ I have never seen a stranger bird. 這是我見過的最奇怪的鳥。

5. "more than+從句"表示"超出……的范圍"。

▶ The noise is more than I can put up with. 這種噪音我忍受不了。