2019年高考一輪復習英語知識點：并列連詞和從屬連詞(2)

　　綜觀近幾年全國各省市的高考題，我們發現均加大了對連詞應用的考查。由此可見連詞在英語學習和運用中的重要性，下面我們結合相關的例句和知識點來分析和掌握連詞的考查方向和內容。

　　一、并列連詞

　　1. 表并列關系（聯合關系）： and, but, not…but, not only…but（ａｌｓｏ）, neither…nor等。

　　【注意1】 both…and（兩者都……），連接句子的兩個主語時，其后謂語動詞通常用使用復數形式；not only…but（ａｌｓｏ）與neither…nor則采取"就近原則"。

　　如： She plays not only the piano, but （also） the guitar.

　　Neither you nor he is to blame.

　　【注意2】 not only…but （also）與as well as 兩者強調對象不同： not only…but also強調的是but （also）之后部分，而as well as則強調其前面的部分。謂語動詞單復數判斷上not only…but （also）采取"就近原則"，而as well as，則采取"就遠原則"。

　　如： Mr. Smith, as well as his wife and children, has come to Nanjing for a visit.

　　【注意3】 not only…but（also）結構中的not only可用于句首引導從句，在這種情況下該從句的主語和謂語要倒裝。

　　如： Not only is he clever, but also he is hard working.

　　Not only did we write to her but also we telegraphed her.

　　2. 表轉折關系： but, yet, still, while, however, when等。

　　【注意4】 while可以表示"盡管、即使"。另外，while還可以表示兩者進行對比的用法。

　　如： Bob likes playing basket ball, while his brother likes football.

　　She has difficulty in learning English, however, she works hard and is making rapid progress.

　　3. 表選擇關系： or, otherwise, or else, either…or等。

　　【注意5】 either…or句型中謂語的單復數形式也要采取"就近原則"。

　　如： We must hurry, or we'll miss the train.      Either Jim or you are going to attend the course.

　　4.表因果關系： for, since, because, as, so, thus, therefore, and so等。

　　如： We had better stay at home, for it was raining.

　　He didn't work hard, therefore he failed in the examination.

　　He was late for class because he got up late.

　　二、從屬連詞

　　1. when, while, as都表示"當……時候"： when引導的從句的動作與主句的動作可同時發生，也可先后發生; as和while引導的從句則強調主句和從句的動作同時發生。

　　如： When I got to the station, the train had already left.       He sang merrily as he was working.

　　2. till, until均表示"到……時候為止"，肯定句中的謂語必須是延續性動作；若主句謂語是終止性動詞，則主句要用否定形式，意為動作"到……才……"開始發生。

　　如： I worked till late at night.        She didn't get up until her mother came in.

　　【注意6】 till和until通常情況下可以互換，只是在句首時until比till更常用。

　　3. though, although均引導讓步狀語從句，意為"雖然……"，但although較正式，though最常用。

　　如： We had to wait half an hour although we had already booked a table.

　　【注意7】 though和although引導的從句不能與but／however連用，但可以與yet／still連用。though還可以與別的詞結合使用，如even though／as though, although則不能這樣搭配。

　　4. no sooner…than, hardly…when, as soon as三者都表示"一……就"，"剛剛……就"的意思。

　　【注意8】 as soon as 置于主句前后都可以，而且各種時態均可作用。

　　如： As soon as she gets here I'll tell her about it.

　　【注意9】 hardly…when, no sooner…than不能表示將來的事，其主句的謂語動詞一般用過去完成時，從句則用過去時。若將hardly或no sooner放在句首，句子要倒裝。

　　如： She had hardly reached there when it began to rain.

　　5. 某些表示時間的名詞（詞組）也可用作從屬連詞引導時間狀語從句。它們是：the moment, the minute, the instant, the day, the time, the first （ｓｅcond, third…）time, the spring （summer, autumn, winter）, every（ｅａｃｈ）, next, ａｎｙ time（ｄay）, by the time等。

　　如： His mother died the spring he returned.       Call me up the minute he arrives.

　　6. if, once, unless, in case四者都表示"條件"，但if意為"如果、假使"；once意為"一旦"；unless意為"除非"；in case意為"萬一、以防"。

　　如： I won't call you, unless something unexpected happens.    Once you begin, you must continue.