2020高考英語知識(shí)點(diǎn)，能不能背下來看你的了(3)

　　長難句

　　46. Wei Bin took out some peanuts and it was fun to see the monkey eat from his hand.魏彬拿出一些花生。看著猴子從他手上吃花生，很有趣。

　　[1] fun “好玩，趣事”，不可數(shù)名詞，前面不加不定冠詞a

　　You’re sure to have some fun at the party tonight. 今天晚上你肯定會(huì)玩得很開心。

　　[2] make fun of“取笑”，“嘲弄”。

　　People make fun of him only because he is wearing such a strange jacket.人們嘲笑他只是因?yàn)樗�穿了一件那么奇怪的衣服�?br />
　　funny adj. “可笑的，滑稽的”

　　He looks very funny in his father’s jacket.他穿著他父親的衣服，看上去很滑稽。

　　47. It is polite to finish eating everything on your plate.把你盤子里所有東西吃完是有禮貌的。

　　這是一個(gè)動(dòng)詞不定式作主語的句型，其中to finish eating everything 是主語，it是形式主語。

　　常考語法

　　48. 直接引語和間接引語

　　[1] 直接引語在改為間接引語時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)需要做相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。

　　(一般過去時(shí)改成過去完成時(shí))

　　I broke your CD player.→

　　He told me he had broken my CD player.

　　(現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)改成過去完成時(shí))

　　Jenny said, “I have lost a book.”→

　　Jenny said she had lost a book.

　　(一般將來時(shí)改成過去將來時(shí))

　　Mum said, “I’ll go to see a friend.”→

　　Mum said she would go to see a friend.

　　（過去完成時(shí)保留原有的時(shí)態(tài)）

　　He said, “We hadn’t finished our homework.”→

　　He said they hadn’t finished their homework.

　　注意：直接引語是客觀真理，過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)不變。

　　[2] 在直接引語變間接引語時(shí)，如果從句中的主語時(shí)第一人稱或被第一人稱所修飾，從句中的人稱要按照主句中主語的人稱變化。如：

　　Mary said, “My brother is an engineer.”→

　　Mary said her brother was and engineer.

　　[3] 直接引語如果是反意疑問句，選擇疑問句或一般疑問句，間接引語應(yīng)改為由whether或if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。如：

　　He said, “Can you run, Mike?”→

　　He asked Mike whether/if he could run.

　　[4] 直接引語如果是祈使句，間接引語應(yīng)改為“tell(ask, order, beg等)  (not) to do sth.”句型。如：

　　“Pass me the water, please.”said he.→

　　He asked him to pass her the water.

　　[5] 直接引語如果是以“Let’s”開頭的祈使句，變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，通常用“suggest+動(dòng)名詞或從句”的結(jié)構(gòu)。如：

　　She said, “Let’s go to the cinema.”→

　　She suggested going to the cinema.

　　或She suggested that they should go to the cinema.

　　49. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來的動(dòng)作

　　現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來的動(dòng)作，謂語通常為瞬間動(dòng)詞。如：come, go, arrive, leave, start, return, stay, meet, get等。這些動(dòng)詞的進(jìn)行時(shí)后不能再接具體的時(shí)間。

　　[1] 用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來，指的是近期的，按計(jì)劃或安排要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。

　　[2] 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來與表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作的區(qū)別在于：前者通常用瞬間動(dòng)詞（有時(shí)一些常用動(dòng)詞也可以這樣用如：do）如：go, come, start, return, get, arrive等。而后者通常是持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。

　　① The train is arriving soon. 火車就要進(jìn)站了。

　　② He is reading a novel. 他在看小說。

　　[3] 用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來的時(shí)間，在句中或上下文中通常有表示將來時(shí)間的狀語。

　　[4] 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來動(dòng)作的區(qū)別在于：前者表示的將來的動(dòng)作往往是可以改變的，而后者則是根據(jù)規(guī)定或時(shí)間表預(yù)計(jì)要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或事情，因此往往是不可改變或不可隨便改變的。

　　① What are you doing next Friday?

　　下星期五你們打算干什么？

　　② The plane takes off at 7：30 tonight.

　　飛機(jī)今晚七點(diǎn)半起飛。

　　50. 主語是單數(shù)時(shí)，盡管后面跟有as well as, but ,except, besides, with ,along with, together with, like 等，謂語動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)。

　　The teacher as well as his students is excited.

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